New map of middle east12/31/2023 But concerns about Tehran’s regional behaviour, combined with intense pressure from regional allies and now failed attempts to prevent the US from abandoning the Iran nuclear deal, have pushed Europeans to harden their positions. And it considers how European countries can position themselves to effectively preserve their interests, which are linked to Middle Eastern conflicts through geographic proximity, refugee flows, and the spread of extremism.Įuropeans have so far resisted the urge to fully embrace the anti-Iran coalition. Further pieces then map the key flashpoints – a series of interlinked conflicts throughout the region – and describe how they form part of the larger regional dispute. It contains essays that describe the positions and motives of all key regional actors. It maps Iran’s coalition of allies and regional influence and the counter-coalition that has formed to oppose them. This report aims to unpack the developing fault-line. The risk of direct inter-state war is intensifying. There is no longer any such thing as a local conflict in the Middle East. This has been followed by intensified direct Israeli targeting of Iranian military personnel and bases in Syria, exacerbating fears that a wider war between the two states could be imminent. The drone provoked massive Israeli military retaliation and, in turn, the downing of an Israeli fighter jet by Syrian anti-aircraft missiles. In February 2018, for example, an Iranian drone from a base established to fight the Syrian civil war, launched an incursion into Israel. Syria shows the dangers – a single battlefield there hosts a confusing complex of overlapping struggles. These trends are significantly heightening mutual tensions and reintroducing nuclear competition into febrile regional rivalries. President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the US from the nuclear agreement with Iran now risks adding considerable fuel to the fire, particularly given that there are hints the US administration has ambitions for regime change in Iran. As regional battlefields become more numerous and more interlinked, there is a growing risk that a localised spark will set off a direct inter-state conflagration that engulfs the wider region, perhaps even drawing in Russia and the US. But in recent years, their rivalry has metastasised across the region and taken in new allies on both sides. This dynamic is not entirely new: the rivalry between Riyadh and Tehran, played out through a series of proxy conflicts, has been one of the defining characteristics of the region for at least the past decade. The fault-line between the two coalitions has already become the axis on which regional politics turns, and the key to understanding many geopolitical developments in the Middle East. As competition for dominance intensifies, the confrontation between Iran’s network of state and non-state actors, and a counter-front of traditional Western allies – centred on Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Israel – has become the region’s central battle line. Each issue includes reviews of recent books, monographs, and atlases in geography and related fields.Two opposing coalitions in the Middle East define a rivalry that threatens to tear the region apart. The Geographical Review also includes special features, forum articles, and special review articles commissioned by the editor. Authors are encouraged to write articles that they themselves would enjoy reading. The writing in the Geographical Review has always been of a high quality, interesting and accessible to both specialists and nonspecialists. We encourage empirical studies that are grounded in theory, innovative syntheses that offer a deeper understanding of a phenomenon, and research that leads to potential policy prescriptions. Specifically, submissions in the areas of human geography, physical geography, nature/society, and GIScience are welcome, especially inasmuch as they can speak to a broad spectrum of readers. The Geographical Review welcomes authoritative, original, ably illustrated, and well-written manuscripts on any topic of geographical importance. As the oldest journal in the United States devoted exclusively to geography and the leading journal of geography for the past 150 years, the Geographical Review contains original and authoritative articles on all aspects of geography.
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